Summary Dismissal of Mark Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Summary Dismissal of Mark - Essay Example In the case of Mark, the employer had some grounds which could warrant for summary dismissal and he went ahead to dismiss him. From the point of view of Mark, the action of the employer is unlawful and as such it constitutes an unfair dismissal. The grievances of Mark presented in the case study are true and they form a ground upon which he can appeal against the termination of his contract. In this regards, I will argue that wrongful dismissal and violation of his rights as the basis upon which he can appeal against the dismissal. In summary dismissal, there has to be a proof of gross misconduct. In this case, Mark disobeyed a direct disorder from his superior.However, the manner in which it was carried out was not procedural. First off, the dismissal was not in tandem with the usual meaning of this type of dismissal which is instant.The case states clearly that Mark had been asked to work overtime which he refused and a fierce confrontation ensued.Although arguing with superiors is wrong especially in front of other employees, it does not warrant summary dismissal. He was allowed to go home and the next day after he had reported for work; he was given his marching orders after starting his work for the day. In this regards, if indeed summary dismissal was the case, it should have been done the previous day and not the next day after working for some time. ... In Marks case, it appears that the employer was trying to coerce him to fore gore his own commitments for the company’s sake. Such an unprecedented step to coerce an employee to work overtime constitutes violation of an employee’s rights2. Mark is therefore entitled to appeal his summary dismissal on the basis of gross violation of his employee rights. Dismissal of Simon Redundancy is major factor that is considered by employers when they are dismissing their employees. For dismissal on redundancy ground to be fair, the employer must be able to show consistent statistics in terms of underlying problem that led to the dismissal. To give more credence to redundancy dismissal, the employer must consult widely with other stakeholders as well as the concerned employee. However, regardless of whatever method is used to dismiss an employee, the employer must have a formal meeting with the earmarked employee for dismissal. In this meeting, the employee is given an explanation a s to why the employer is terminating the employment contract3. In the case of Simon, the employer used laid down procedures of the company to come up with a trumped charge of poor performance as the basis of his dismissal. First off, this is not a case of poor performance because the underlying problem is change of system from manual to a computerised system. Regardless of human learning capabilities and ingenuity, it is utterly impossible for one to learn new systems in under a month. When the company (Fit & Well Co. Ltd.) was instituting changes, it did not warn the employees to make the necessary preparations to adapt to changes in the work place. Similarly, after making changes in the

The Relationships between Happiness and Meaning Essay Example for Free

The Relationships between Happiness and Meaning Essay Every person on earth experiences happiness as well as unhappiness.   Even infants cry as well as laugh.   Ultimately they grow to realize that there are things that make them happy just as there are situations that make them unhappy.   Understanding the nature of these different things and/or situations is to know how the meanings of these things and/or situations are related to one’s happiness or unhappiness.   Thus, happiness and meaning happen to be closely connected with each other.    There is a reason why we experience happiness or unhappiness.   These reasons are the meanings of our experiences of happiness or unhappiness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are many ways to understand happiness.   A person who is ecstatic is understood to be extremely happy.   Another person may experience happiness as he or she enjoys life.   Conversely, a person who does not really attempt to enjoy life may be satisfied with his or her life nevertheless.   All of these people may be happy.   Even so, all of them may have different reasons for being happy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Prophets and sages have often stated that things on earth cannot always make us happy.   A person who is truly happy with life because he or she enjoys a nearly perfect relationship with his or her spouse may lose the spouse to death.   Another person may believe that material things, e.g. new cars, are responsible for his or her happiness.   The person who loses his or her spouse will experience unhappiness, just as the individual who loses all of his or money would become depressed.   People who believe that happiness is equivalent to material success may also develop â€Å"affluenza,† described in the following ways: (1) â€Å"The bloated, sluggish and unfulfilled feeling that results from efforts to keep up with the Joneses;† (2) â€Å"An epidemic of stress, overwork, waste and indebtedness caused by dogged pursuit of the American Dream;† and (3) â€Å"An unsustainable addiction to economic growth (Leon).†Ã‚   Perhaps the rich people who have committed suicide, e.g. Kurt Cobain, were suffering from affluenza.   Regardless, it is generally believed that a person must find the meaning of his or her life to be truly happy (Brain).   Hence, the person who loses his or her spouse has a couple of choices: (1) Either to commit suicide because he or she cannot deal with the unhappiness caused by the loss; or (2) Find reasons to be happy despite the loss.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Psychologists have found that people feel happy when they increase their understanding.   In other words, knowing the meaning of the things in our world is bound to increase our happiness.   Thus, many people feel satisfied when they read books.   The person who was dependent on his or her spouse for happiness may find happiness in this way.   Alternatively, the individual may decide to pursue a goal that helps to move the human society forward in some way.   The meaning of life is also understood by people to be the service of God (Brain). Regardless of the meaning of life realized by the person who had believed that his or her spouse was responsible for his or her happiness; understanding what his or her life is worth may help the individual to experience satisfaction with life once again.   Moreover, whether the person chooses to serve society or God, by knowing the meaning of his or her existence, the individual opens up to future experiences that may very well allow him or her to find happiness without the spouse.   After all, pursuing a goal to fulfill the meaning of life may lead the person to joyful experiences.   Hence, meaning and happiness could never be separated. Works Cited Brain, Marshall. â€Å"Chapter 41: Material Things Will Not Bring You Happiness.† The Teenager’s Guide to the Real World. 1997. 10 Dec 2007. http://www.bygpub.com/books/tg2rw/chap41excerpt.htm. Leon, Virginia De. â€Å"Money cant buy meaning: Many simplify to find happiness.† Spokesman Review. 9 Jul 2006.

Essay --

One with Nature William Wordsworth wrote the poem â€Å"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud† in the year of 1802 while he was walking home with his sister Dorothy, and they discovered and saw a patch of daffodils (http://writersalmanac.publicradio.org/). This poem deals with the interchange between human and nature, and then due to the comparison between the poet and the daffodils, the poet makes himself a piece or part of nature. Furthermore, the daffodils are portrayed as heavenly and spiritual creatures who â€Å"dance† (l 6) which makes the poet become one as well. This symbolizes the poets mind’s overflow of ideas which inspire him to write, and it leads to his mind’s rebirth. Hence, the poet uses figurative language and form to show the overflow of ideas and rebirth that is achieved through the exchange between man and nature. Wordsworth makes use of similes and personifications to convey an exchange between man and nature. To begin with, the poet utilizes the simile â€Å"I wandered lonely as a cloud† (l 1) to compare himself to a cloud. Due to the cloud existing as a part of nature, when he compares himself to it, he becomes a part of the natural world as well. The poet then personifies the daffodils with the assistance of the words â€Å"crowd†(l 3) and â€Å"dancing† (l 6). These terms are human attributes given to the daffodils, thus making the daffodils â€Å"human†. Furthermore, the poet uses these terms to construct a simile comparing daffodils and humans. When these daffodils, which are now â€Å"human†, are compared to humans, which are a part of nature, they interchange positions. Therefore, through the usage of similes and personifications, Wordsworth exhibits an exchange between man and nature. Following this exchange between man and nature,... ...would not be complete. This overlap, which completes the meaning, is an overflow of thoughts. Therefore, the couplets, both being excessive and overlapping, symbolize an overflow of thoughts. The poem conveys a trinity that unites as one through the number of stanzas. In the first three stanzas, the poet is wandering in nature and is experiencing the beauty of nature. The stanzas, being three, and dealing with the beauty of nature that is said to be heavenly symbolizes the trinity between man, nature, and god. Furthermore, the fourth stanza deals with the poet’s remembrance of nature on the couch. The fourth stanza, being one, deals with the unison of both nature and heavenly into men. Hence, the first three stanzas symbolize the exchange between man and nature that leads to an exchange between man and god, and the fourth stanza symbolizes them becoming one in man.

Fathers Have Few Rights in Washington State Essay example -- Argumenta

During a child’s early years he/she establishes parental bonds which will influence the rest of his/her life. However, in Washington few children will realize this bonding with their fathers. In fact, the evidence is clear, census reports, court records, and statements from the people of Washington themselves all point to a State biased against fathers. Unfortunately, this bias extends beyond just the courts, even beyond state run agencies like DSHS; this behavior runs rampant through our very streets. We, as citizens, partisans, and voters of Washington State have been given the impression, through media outlets, feminist organizations, and movies that mothers simply make better parents. In reality, there is another side of the story, one which we rarely saw or heard, until now. The other side of the story starts in the early 90’s. 1991 census reports, less than 20% of all custodial-parents were children’s biological fathers. When asking why, one could look to SPARC an online resource for men which reports 50% of all mothers admitted to seeing no benefits being provided by fathers; and 40% of all mothers admitted to interfering with the father’s visits as punishment. Taken together, these statistics portray a picture of men as providers, and incapable of being nurturing parents (SPARC). According to Cohn, Alvin W. based on census reports, infant fatalities decreased, general living conditions for juveniles had seen a substantial increase, and single father homes also increased between 1991 and 2001. These particular increases portray that fathers, in contrast to popular belief, are capable of providing nurturing stable homes for their children, possibly even more so then mothers. However, today, based on the WSCCR (Washingt... ...gov/wsccr/docs/ResidentialTimeSummaryReport2010.pdf† Bleckblog, Anonymous, â€Å"Fathers rights endangered in Washington Stateâ€Å", Sun, 05/31/2009 - 22:20 â€Å"http://bleckblog.org/comp/node/3400† Alan Booth, Mindy E. Scott, and Valarie King â€Å"FATHER RESIDENCE AND ADOLESCENT PROBLEM BEHAVIOR: ARE YOUTH ALWAYS BETTER OFF IN TWO-PARENT FAMIIES?† Columnist, Tabitha S. "Labors of Love: Trying to make Marriages Work." Seattle Post - Intelligencer: A.17.Washington State Newsstand. Apr 07 1995. Web. 29 Sep. 2011 Thompson, Bankole, â€Å"Fathers, step up† Michigan Times, 6/13/07 Mike Mccormick â€Å"Obama's Responsible Fatherhood Bill--Not Enough Carrot, Too Much Stick† the Buffalo News, 6/30/07 Mike Mccormick and Glenn Sacks â€Å"Protect Fathers' Loving Bonds with Their Childrenâ€Å", Web, 1 October, 2011, http://acfc.convio.net/site/DocServer/Protect_Fathers_Article_June_18_2008.pdf?docID=1521

Cultural evolution Essay

In his article â€Å"Where Do Social Relations Come From? †, Michael Grossetti discusses the ways that human relationships are studied by sociologists, citing that often the methodology begins by starting with the relationship ad working backward to define it (Grossetti,p. 289). The most lasting relationships are the ones that come from organizations, he concludes, especially those related to family and friends. When we related this conclusion back to cultural evolution theory, we can argue that the lasting relationships of this generation because at this point in time most relationships are forged out of organizations or via our families. However, we can clearly argue that once this may not have been true as people had longer term relationships with people in their neighborhoods and those with whom they had a physical proximity. Grossetti argues that neighborhoods do not provide a basis for lasting relationships as they do not necessarily share life values or interests which draw people together (p. 292). When discussing this assertion in relation to cultural evolution, we can argue that in the recent past, neighborhoods did share a commonality that is now missing – immigrants would tend to settle in neighborhoods, neighborhoods would be divided by racial or religious lines, or at the most tangential neighborhoods would be reflective of a certain socio-economic status. Now, according to Grossetti’s study, relationships have evolved to the point that people develop relationships based primarily on organizations which they belong to –church groups, work groups, or interest organizations. When this is combined with the use of social networks, it can be observed that people are then creating a new means to segregate themselves via their interests. People have developed a new means to identify people with like interests and create new association groups. The interesting aspect of this evolving form of meeting may be that it creates relationships among people who in previous generations may never even have met. Because social networking allows people with common interests to meet without the traditional introduction of a mutual friend, they may completely change the way relationship develop in the future, dovetailing nicely with the theory of cultural evolution.

3 Comma Splices and How to Repair Them

3 Comma Splices and How to Repair Them 3 Comma Splices and How to Repair Them 3 Comma Splices and How to Repair Them By Mark Nichol A comma often serves to link two independent clauses, but it does so in partnership with a conjunction (as shown in this sentence). When a pair of independent clauses butt up against each other with a comma but no conjunction, the grammatical infraction is known as a comma splice- the name refers to the writer’s effort to splice the clauses together with a comma, which is the wrong use of the tool. Which tool is the correct one? Several are available in your writer’s toolbox: The semicolon (a supercomma of sorts) is usually the best choice, but depending on the interrelationship of the clauses, you could, alternatively, employ a period (creating two distinct sentences) or even a dash (showing an abrupt break in thought). Here are three sentences containing a comma splice and their revisions. 1. â€Å"You can sense the frustration, their morale is down,† Smith said of his colleagues. â€Å"‘You can sense the frustration; their morale is down,’ Smith said of his colleagues† is the technically correct solution, but a semicolon is overly formal for a quotation. In this case, use the more casual dash: â€Å"‘You can sense the frustration- their morale is down,’ Smith said of his colleagues.† Another option is to break the statement into two sentences; but insert the attribution between them: â€Å"‘You can sense the frustration,’ Smith said of his colleagues. ‘Their morale is down.’† (Do not use a semicolon or a dash after an attribution.) 2. The devices themselves don’t use logarithms, rather they are tools to reduce multiplication and division of natural numbers to simple addition and subtraction operations. A transitional word such as rather between two independent clauses is a clear signal that a stronger punctuation mark than a comma is required, because one should follow the word, and a stronger punctuation mark should set the clauses off from each other. A semicolon will suffice: â€Å"The devices themselves don’t use logarithms; rather, they are tools to reduce multiplication and division of natural numbers to simple addition and subtraction operations.† (Rather can also begin a separate sentence, but the second clause is so closely related to the first that a semicolon seems more suitable.) 3. The frame was finished two years later- a little behind schedule, the structure was supposed to open in 1989. The inclusion of a dash in this sentence complicates it, because it introduces confusion about which phrase deserves the most emphasis. A simple solution is to demote the â€Å"Hey, look at me!† dash to a more workmanlike comma and use a semicolon to tack on the final phrase as an independent clause: â€Å"The frame was finished two years later, a little behind schedule; the structure was supposed to open in 1989.† One could use a dash in place of the semicolon, but the information that follows isn’t surprising enough to merit the attention-seeking punctuation mark. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Synonyms for â€Å"Leader†Proved vs. Proven20 Movies Based on Shakespeare Plays

Effects of Technology

Effects of Technology Free Online Research Papers Technology and the changes it brings can have a very big effect on our lives. The technological change that has had the largest effect on life in this country, I think, is the iPod. The iPod is a brand of digital music player developed by Apple in the early 2000’s that revolutionized the way we can carry our own music with us wherever we go. One of the very first portable music players was the Sony Walkman personal stereo. It was capable of playing radio and cassettes. As time and technology worn on, the stereo improved. The CD Walkman came around as the cassette generation became phased out. First generations of these portable CD players saw no skip protection and did not make good portable units. Skip protection became known and widely used as on-board computers helped to read the information on the CD and prevented the CD from being read as it got bumped. As technology improved further, the codecs of MP3, AAC, and WMA became prevalent. Users burned CDs of MP3s as the first generations of MP3 capable CD players became the most noticeably used music player on the market. (1) As conveniently as the MP3 format started to take over our way of life, so had to be a way to play those computer files. Embedding hard drives and flash memory into players was only the start. The players themselves had to be easy to use, and of utmost importance, extremely portable. The time was ready for iPod. Sony had tried to make their own Walkman with flash memory capability but eventually was deemed too expensive and too constricting (their computer software interface was very buggy and the memory was lower than expected) vs. Apple’s iPod. (1) Apple’s iPod made all aspects of playing your music files better. They had more memory than all other portable units at the time, which meant you can transport more of your music than ever before. It also boasted more battery life, although critics were quick to denounce this as the numbers just could not be reached in real-life. Newer technologies continue to make these units better, with more and more memory, and increased user-friendly features. (2) With the advent of iPod and all of its’ permutations, iPod accessories and attachments have become very prevalent and seems to be something that can’t be lived without. This has had the most lasting effect of technology I’ve seen. References: (1) Walkman entry, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkman (2) iPod entry, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPod Research Papers on Effects of TechnologyThe Hockey GameHip-Hop is ArtBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductPETSTEL analysis of IndiaWhere Wild and West MeetOpen Architechture a white paperThree Concepts of PsychodynamicCapital PunishmentAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia

Flotation Method in Archaeology

Flotation Method in Archaeology Archaeological flotation is a laboratory technique used to recover tiny artifacts and plant remains from soil samples. Invented in the early 20th century, flotation is today still one of the most common ways to retrieve carbonized plant remains from archaeological contexts. In flotation, the technician places dried soil on a screen of mesh wire cloth, and water is gently bubbled up through the soil. Less dense materials such as seeds, charcoal, and other light material (called the light fraction) float up, and tiny pieces of stone called microliths or micro-debitage, bone fragments, and other relatively heavy materials (called the heavy fraction) are left behind on the mesh. History of the Method The earliest published use of water separation dates to 1905, when German Egyptologist Ludwig Wittmack used it to recover plant remains from ancient adobe brick. The widespread use of flotation in archaeology was the result of a 1968 publication by archaeologist Stuart Struever who used the technique on the recommendations of botanist Hugh Cutler. The first pump-generated machine was developed in 1969 by David French for use at two Anatolian sites. The method was first applied in southwest Asia at Ali Kosh in 1969 by Hans Helbaek; machine-assisted flotation was first conducted at Franchthi cave in Greece, in the early 1970s. The Flote-Tech, the first standalone machine to support flotation, was invented by R.J. Dausman in the late 1980s. Microflotation, which uses glass beakers and magnetic stirrers for gentler processing, was developed in the 1960s for use by various chemists but not extensively used by archaeologists until the 21st century. Benefits and Costs The reason for the initial development of archaeological flotation was efficiency: the method allows for the rapid processing of many soil samples and the recovery of small objects which otherwise might only be collected by laborious hand-picking. Further, the standard process uses only inexpensive and readily available materials: a container, small-sized meshes (250 microns is typical), and water. However, plant remains are typically quite fragile, and, beginning as early as the 1990s, archaeologists became increasingly aware that some plant remains split open during water flotation. Some particles can completely disintegrate during water recovery, particularly from soils recovered in arid or semi-arid locations. Overcoming the Shortcomings The loss of plant remains during flotation is often linked to extremely dry soil samples, which can result from the region in which they are collected. The effect has also been associated with concentrations of salt, gypsum, or calcium coating of the remains. In addition, the natural oxidation process that occurs within archaeological sites converts charred materials which are originally hydrophobic to hydrophilic- and thus easier to disintegrate when exposed to water. Wood charcoal is one of the most common macro-remains found in archaeological sites. The lack of visible wood charcoal in a site is generally considered the result of the lack of preservation of the charcoal rather than the lack of a fire. The fragility of wood remains is associated with the state of the wood on burning: healthy, decayed, and green wood charcoals decay at different rates. Further, they have different social meanings: burned wood might have been building material, fuel for fire, or the result of brush clearing. Wood charcoal is also the main source for radiocarbon dating. The recovery of burned wood particles is thus an important source of information about the occupants of an archaeological site and the events that happened there. Studying Wood and Fuel Remains Decayed wood is particularly underrepresented at archaeological sites, and as today, such wood was often preferred for hearth fires in the past. In these cases, standard water flotation exacerbates the problem: charcoal from decayed wood is extremely fragile. Archaeologist Amaia Arrang-Oaegui found that certain woods from the site of Tell Qarassa North in southern Syria were more susceptible to being disintegrated during water processing- particularly Salix. Salix (willow or osier) is an important proxy for climate studies- its presence within a soil sample can indicate riverine microenvironments- and its loss from the record is a painful one. Arrang-Oaegui suggests a method for recovering wood samples that begins with hand-picking a sample before its placement in water to see if wood or other materials disintegrate. She also suggests that using other proxies such as pollen or phytoliths as indicators for the presence of plants, or ubiquity measures rather than raw counts as statistical indicators. Archaeologist Frederik Braadbaart has advocated the avoidance of sieving and flotation where possible when studying ancient fuel remains such as hearths and peat fires. He recommends instead a protocol of geochemistry based on elemental analysis and reflective microscopy. Microflotation The microflotation process is more time consuming and costly than traditional flotation, but it does recover more delicate plant remains, and is less costly than geochemical methods. Microflotation was used successfully to study soil samples from coal-contaminated deposits at Chaco Canyon. Archaeologist K.B. Tankersley and colleagues used a small (23.1 millimeters) magnetic stirrer, beakers, tweezers, and a scalpel to examine samples from 3-centimeter soil cores. The stirrer bar was placed at the bottom of a glass beaker and then rotated at 45-60 rpm to break the surface tension. The buoyant carbonized plant parts rise and the coal drops out, leaving wood charcoal suitable for AMS radiocarbon dating. Sources: Arranz-Otaegui A. 2016. Evaluating the impact of water flotation and the state of the wood in archaeological wood charcoal remains: Implications for the reconstruction of past vegetation and identification of firewood gathering strategies at Tell Qarassa North (south Syria). Quaternary International In pressBraadbaart F, van Brussel T, van Os B, and Eijskoot Y. 2017. Fuel remains in archaeological contexts: Experimental and archaeological evidence for recognizing remains in hearths used by Iron Age farmers who lived in peatlands. The Holocene:095968361770223.Hunter AA, and Gassner BR. 1998. Evaluation of the Flote-Tech machine-assisted flotation system. American Antiquity 63(1):143-156.Marekovic S, and Ã…  oÃ… ¡taric R. 2016. A comparison of the influences of flotation and wet sieving on certain carbonized legume and cereal remains. Acta Botanica Croatica 75(1):144-148.Rossen J. 1999. The Flote-Tech flotation machine: Messiah or mixed blessing? American Antiquity 64(2):370-372.Tanker sley KB, Owen LA, Dunning NP, Fladd SG, Bishop KJ, Lentz DL, and Slotten V. 2017. Micro-flotation removal of coal contaminants from archaeological radiocarbon samples from Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, USA. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 12(Supplement C):66-73.

London Networking Solutions Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

London Networking Solutions - Article Example (This is a brief introduction to a ghost company, which is not in existence in reality. It's just a creation to answer the question.) MaxiProfit is a management consultancy firm. Management consulting simply refers to both the industry, and the practice of, helping organizations to basically improve their performance, primarily through the analysis of existing business problems and development of plans for improvement. Organizations often hire the services of management consultants. This is because the pursuit of expansion is vigorous and extensive. Experts in the business fields are therefore required for a number of reasons, including, for example, to gain external, and presumably more objective advice and recommendations, which may help solve the problem at hand or for long term plans. Another is to gain access to the consultants' specialized expertise, where the hiring of permanent employees is not required. Because of the exposure of consultants and their relationships with numerous organizations, consultancies are also said to be aware of industry 'best practices,' this is as noted by Sam Palmisano of IBM (2007) although the transferability of such practices from one organization to another is the subject of debate. Upon successful negotiation of a deal, Consultancies may also provide organizational change management assistance, development of coaching skills to the lead staff of the Host Company, technology implementation, strategy development, and operational improvement services. Management consultants generally bring their own, wealth of methodology and frameworks to guide the identification of problems, and to serve as the basis for recommendations for more effective or efficient ways of performing business tasks. Planning is basically important, so as to end up with a workable procedure. This will help save on many things especially financial. Small and medium enterprises Companies always enter into acquisitions for the main reason of assuming the market monopoly. Ancient philosophers once noted that it's better to expand to a giant. One Socrates further created a light moment that one needs not worry of growing slowly but rather should worry of standing still. Growth by acquisition is a thoroughly tried and trusted strategy. This system allows one to move into new markets or increase their existing market share at much more rapid rate than would be likely through the commonly used organic expansion. This is as discovered by Anita Roddick of Beware management consultants (the learned man 2007). Companies hit the mergers acquisitions trail for a host of reasons. Among those noted also include: 1. Taking the threats of main competitors out of the market. For London Networking Solutions the main competitors are all the IT firms that perform network installations within and without the great UK. IBM and SAGEM, being some of them. 2. Another reason could be to Scale up in a particular sector. These sectors include servicing of the installed networks, offering of spare parts and consultancy as far as IT is concerned. These are the main interests of London Networks.

Rhetorical Analysis of an Organizational Website Essay

Rhetorical Analysis of an Organizational Website - Essay Example These include latest movies that are produced in Hollywood and videos as well as top stories on top actor lifestyles. The website meets its aim by using a simple and professional design. It uses an artistic design to the name of their website that is well colored to draw the reader’s attention. This is appealing to the eye, and at a glance, one is able to know the website’s name. According to Hunt (2011), a reader is likely to revisit a website if it contains all the information it claims to contain and does not provide or refer to unsolicited information. The Hollywood website has user-friendly navigation; there are clear links to the various sections as described in the initial outline on the homepage. The content is arranged categorically in such a way that whatever one is looking for can be obtained at a glance, hence aiding to achieve its goal. Websites should be created with the viewer in mind, this implies that the time for browsing should be minimal and the content should be simple and easy to interpret and understand by the targeted viewers. Its simplicity in design of the Hollywood website has contributed immensely to its popularity among the young people (OConnell, 1994). For instance, if one is looking for movies, they would go directly and click on the so-named icon, hence getting the desired item. On other websites, there are many popup windows and links to unrelated websites which not only waste the viewer’s time but also contribute to infection of personal computers by internet viruses. Lawrence, & Tavakol, (2007) in their book â€Å"Balanced Website Design: Optimizing Aesthetics, Usability, and Purpose.† Propose that the use of carefully designed graphics on websites makes them more appealing and easier to browse than those with text.

Behavioural Finance in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Behavioural Finance in Business - Essay Example Tapping telephone calls, monitoring computer and internet usage, and screening e-mails are some of the common employee surveillance practices. This paper will critically discuss the influence of workplace surveillance on managing people at work from the perspectives of both employers and employees. The paper will particularly focus on three relevant issues such as performance management, employee privacy, and use of information technology. Performance management Productive performance management is the ultimate goal of workplace surveillance programs. In order to effectively manage workplace or employee performance, it is necessary to measure employee performance levels frequently. Management professionals claim that surveys or other studies may not be an effective way to measure employees’ work performance and productivity. Furthermore, workplace surveillance is the only potential mechanism in today’s business environment as it is an impossible task for line managers a nd other executives to monitor each employee separately. Therefore, a vast majority of management experts strongly support the use of electronic surveillance techniques in the workplace. According to the 2007 Electronic Monitoring & Surveillance Survey conducted by the American Management Association (AMA 2007), nearly 45% of business organizations monitor their employees’ computer, internet, and phone usage. The survey also indicates that a notable percent of employees were terminated for offensive language; excessive personal use of company properties; viewing, downloading, uploading offensive content; and breach of the firm’s confidential rules (ibid). These survey results support the top managements’ argument that workplace surveillance must be in operation to improve value chain efficiency and overall organizational productivity. From an employer’s perspective, the workplace surveillance system would put a moral check on employees and hence they may become more productive. In addition, if there is a workplace system in operation, employees would be conscious of future consequences in case of any workplace misconduct.  

How does technology affects literacy(ies) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How does technology affects literacy(ies) - Essay Example At least 50 per cent of the primary schools and 75 per cent of the secondary schools in the UK have installed wireless internet systems (Paton). A literate person in the present age is expected to make a positive contribution in the development of systems, and from this perspective, the use of Wi-Fi technology in schools is a must since it is a cost-effective solution to the wired technology, improves students’ academic performance, and provides freedom of movement which greatly facilitates research work and provides both the students and the teachers with a lot of flexibility, though the Wi-Fi technology is suspected to have some negative effects on health and students may misuse the time in school in playing games or social networking. Positive Effects of Wi-Fi Technology in Schools Cost-effectiveness In the contemporary educational setting, the importance of the Wi-Fi technology cannot be overemphasized. â€Å"With equipment substantially more cost-effective and flexible t han wired alternatives, Wi-Fi is suitable for the smallest schoolhouses to multiple-square-kilometer campuses† (â€Å"Wi-Fi in Schools†). Improved academic performance Many educationalists have found a very positive impact of the use of Wi-Fi in schools on the academic performance of the students. ... & Sixth Form College implemented a policy at his school according to which every student was given one laptop; a year later, they assessed its impact on the students’ academic performance He was very optimistic about the findings of the experiment: â€Å"I like to think that made a very positive impact, for the first year we got an outstanding grade from Ofsted† (Paes cited in Hall). Freedom of movement Wi-Fi provides the students as well as teachers with freedom of movement and obviates the need to be at a specific place to use the computer. â€Å"Wi-Fi compatibility provides for use at hotspots throughout the country such as cafes, coffee shops, hotels, restaurants, and universities† (Mastrian et al.). This benefit is of extreme importance in the research work since students have to visit all such places to collect the data and correspond with the tutors. Negative Effects of Use of Wi-Fi Technology in School Health Risks Some teachers are concerned about the po tential health risks that might be caused by the use of wireless computer networks in the schools. One case has particularly caught their attention in which Wi-Fi is suspected to be a cause of health issues experienced by a classics teacher Michael Bevington at the Stowe School of Buckinghamshire, who â€Å"had never had any problems before the Wi-Fi. When it was put into his classroom, he suffered nausea, blinding headaches and a lack of concentration. When the school removed the Wi-Fi his condition improved† (BBC News). Experts have expressed that the location of the Wi-Fi device matters a lot. The suspected health risks can still be avoided if the Wi-Fi device is placed at a location that is at a considerable height rather than just over the desk. Misuse of time â€Å"Cell phones traditionally have a bad

Employee Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Employee Relations - Essay Example The Union disagreed with the Company’s decision to use a different criteria of determining eligibility for promotion and transfers instead of the one agreed upon during the collective bargaining agreement. The third grievance was about a discriminatory action by the company on its allocation of the parking lots. The union argued that the plant workers were allocated the farthest lots from the entrance. 2. What sections of the Wagner Act are in question here? Explain In all the three grievances touched a number of Wegner act sections particularly with regard to the regulation of collective bargain agreement engagements. For example, section 8(a) 3 of the act prohibits employees against discriminatory acts such as assigning them less desirable conditions as was witnessed in the allocation of parking slots in the company. The section also stipulates that matters of promotion or transfers should be solely based on seniority, merit and other criteria of determining eligibility sign ed in the collective bargaining agreement (Budd, 234). In this regard the second grievance will also be handled using section 2 of the act. ... In my opinion, all the three grievances of the union against the company were genuine. In the first grievance, I would rule that the company breached the contract by making changes in the time schedules prior to a mutual agreement. In the second grievance, the company also violated the collective bargaining agreement by using different criteria of eligibility in giving a temporary transfer to a Janitor instead of Mr. Burn who best suitable according to the provisions of the collective bargain agreement. Finally, allocating park workers the farthest car park slots was also discriminatory since it ensured that the workers spent more time between the parking lot and their working stations and this reduced the amount of their monthly bonus. Case 2__ Does the Duty to Bargain Preclude Unilateral Wage Increases? In the case study, Winn Dixie Stores Company effected unilateral changes in the wages of the workers arguing that there was no impasse during the negotiations (Budd, 260). On the ot her hand, the Union’s position of argument was that the Company violated the provisions of section 8(a) 5 and 8(a)1 of Wagner act which states that it is an unfair labor practice for employers to refuse to bargain collectively with the employee representatives when making changes to the wage rates and other terms of employment. Questions 1. You are an administrative law judge who has to decide on this case. Which party do you agree with and why? As an administrative law Judge presiding over the case, I would support the position of the employee Union that the company’s action amounted to unfair labor practice as stated in section 8 of the

How does technology affects literacy(ies) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How does technology affects literacy(ies) - Essay Example At least 50 per cent of the primary schools and 75 per cent of the secondary schools in the UK have installed wireless internet systems (Paton). A literate person in the present age is expected to make a positive contribution in the development of systems, and from this perspective, the use of Wi-Fi technology in schools is a must since it is a cost-effective solution to the wired technology, improves students’ academic performance, and provides freedom of movement which greatly facilitates research work and provides both the students and the teachers with a lot of flexibility, though the Wi-Fi technology is suspected to have some negative effects on health and students may misuse the time in school in playing games or social networking. Positive Effects of Wi-Fi Technology in Schools Cost-effectiveness In the contemporary educational setting, the importance of the Wi-Fi technology cannot be overemphasized. â€Å"With equipment substantially more cost-effective and flexible t han wired alternatives, Wi-Fi is suitable for the smallest schoolhouses to multiple-square-kilometer campuses† (â€Å"Wi-Fi in Schools†). Improved academic performance Many educationalists have found a very positive impact of the use of Wi-Fi in schools on the academic performance of the students. ... & Sixth Form College implemented a policy at his school according to which every student was given one laptop; a year later, they assessed its impact on the students’ academic performance He was very optimistic about the findings of the experiment: â€Å"I like to think that made a very positive impact, for the first year we got an outstanding grade from Ofsted† (Paes cited in Hall). Freedom of movement Wi-Fi provides the students as well as teachers with freedom of movement and obviates the need to be at a specific place to use the computer. â€Å"Wi-Fi compatibility provides for use at hotspots throughout the country such as cafes, coffee shops, hotels, restaurants, and universities† (Mastrian et al.). This benefit is of extreme importance in the research work since students have to visit all such places to collect the data and correspond with the tutors. Negative Effects of Use of Wi-Fi Technology in School Health Risks Some teachers are concerned about the po tential health risks that might be caused by the use of wireless computer networks in the schools. One case has particularly caught their attention in which Wi-Fi is suspected to be a cause of health issues experienced by a classics teacher Michael Bevington at the Stowe School of Buckinghamshire, who â€Å"had never had any problems before the Wi-Fi. When it was put into his classroom, he suffered nausea, blinding headaches and a lack of concentration. When the school removed the Wi-Fi his condition improved† (BBC News). Experts have expressed that the location of the Wi-Fi device matters a lot. The suspected health risks can still be avoided if the Wi-Fi device is placed at a location that is at a considerable height rather than just over the desk. Misuse of time â€Å"Cell phones traditionally have a bad

Peugeot , Ethical and social responsibilities Essay

Peugeot , Ethical and social responsibilities - Essay Example All groups of stakeholders have certain interest in the company. The equity shareholders derive greater interest from the company’s return on investment. The company’s CSR Group presents its shareholders with comprehensive and transparent information and precisely the records and events of its activities that are related to its accounts. The company along with the CSR Group maintain loyalty and transparency towards their customers and suppliers in order to develop and preserve long term confident relationships. PSA Peugeot Citroen has signed an international agreement on social responsibility. They have committed to respect fundamental human rights, sharing social needs with industrial partners, sales network team, sub-contractors and suppliers and impact of company’s activities upon the local boundaries (PSA Peugeot Citroen, n.d.). PSA Peugeot Citroen is guided by certain set of values that are griped by its employees, executives and reaffirmed in the group’s objectives to promote conscientious progression. These aspirations are associated with the collective commitments towards the key stakeholders, consumers, partners, community and employees (PSA Peugeot Citroen, 2010). The laws abided by the company include conformity with laws and regulations, non-admittance of inner information and genuineness of accounting statistics, information and indicator (PSA Peugeot Citroen, 2010). The aspects include respect for essential human civil rights, conformity with place of work related to health and safety rules, Admiration for the surroundings & prevention of prejudice, Nuisance and impolite behaviour, Reverence for private life (PSA Peugeot Citroen, 2010). The factors considered under this aspect are the transparent affairs with consumers, vendors and competitors, restrictions on aids and provocations, utilization and security of

Alcoholic beverage Essay Example for Free

Alcoholic beverage Essay Are children of alcoholics more likely to be alcoholics themselves? In answering the question, researchers sampled 451 people in Alcoholics Anonymous to see how many would say that one, or both, of their parents were alcoholics. People in AA used in the study currently attend AA somewhere in Ohio, Michigan, or Indiana and were asked by people in charge of the local AA programs to volunteer to fill out a survey. The research found that 77 percent of the respondents had at least one parent they classified as an alcoholic. The study also surveyed 451 people randomly from the same states who claim not to be heavy drinkers. Of the non-heavy drinkers, 23 percent would label at least one of their parents as alcoholic. 1. In your own words, please write the conclusion of this passage. – 3 points From this passage, it is concluded, that commonly, one or both parents of alcoholics are accounted as alcoholics too. Therefore, it means that usually, children of majority heavy drinkers are also become alcoholics. 2. Please identify the reasons used in this passage. – 3 points So, author gave several reasons in the form of facts such as questionnaire, for the conclusion above. They made two general surveys, where 451 alcoholics and 451 not alcoholic people were asked. For the first survey, results were justified expectations by 77% out of 100%. By this I mean, that approximately 347 of respondents from AA said that at least of their parents were alcoholics. However, for the next survey, only 23% of whole respondents, who were out from AA approved that one or both their parents were drinkers. 3. What are some weaknesses in the argument, in your opinion? – 5 points There are some weaknesses in this argument. First, all participants of this study were from only three states, there are Ohio, Michigan, and Indiana. It is not sufficient to claim, that it happens all around the world. Secondly, they wrote about non-heavy drinkers too, moreover, from the study, there are alcoholic parents in their family. Consequently, the argument against the fact. 4. What would be an appropriate title for this passage? – 3 points The basic reason of becoming alcoholics is alcoholic parents. 5. Do you think children of alcoholics are more likely to be alcoholics themselves? Explain why. – 6 points Sure, this might be possible claim, because, that kind of children ( with alcoholic parents) live with heavy drinkers from birth. Even, they would be brought up with alcoholics, or it is also possible that they will not have enough attention from their mothers and fathers, so it is more likely, that they will have a bad behavior from their childhood. Although, from my point of view, having a mother or father, who are drinks a lot is not sufficient cause of becoming alcoholic individual. There are other numerous reasons for being dependent on alcohol, such as impatience, being nervous, addicting to bad habits, mental or moral instability and so on. In addition to that, on the contrary, according to the survey, which is done for us, there are still many people who are not depend on their parents, and if their parents are heavy drinkers, it doesn’t affected on them. To conclude, we cannot label the person like alcoholics, just if their parents are alcoholics.

An Introduction To Encryption And Decryption

An Introduction To Encryption And Decryption CHAPTER 1 This thesis proposes a VHSIC Hardware Description Language (VHDL) design of Encryption and Decryption Algorithm for Data. In this chapter, the challenges of cryptography is firstly presented. This chapter also briefly discusses the problem definition, scope of work and the thesis objectives are also highlighted.Finally, the chapter end with the chapter organization. The dissertation presentation is provided at the end 1.1 An introduction to Encryption and Decryption, a type of cryptography Encryption and Decryption, a type of cryptography, refers to the process of scrambling information so that the observer cannot be detecting the data. Cryptographic key is a piece of data used to encrypt or decrypt to plaintext. (Alex Brennen V., 2004) The Crypto, from the word cryptographic mean is it has its origins in the Greek word KRUOTOS, which means hidden. Thus the objective of cryptography is to hide information so that only the intended recipient can read it.[2] . Cryptographic is a protocol or method of performing encryption and decryption (Alex Brennen V., 2004). There are two types of cryptographic: symmetric and asymmetric key. Figure 1.1 is example a symmetric cryptographic has a single key, which is used for both encrypting and decrypting information. Data Encryption and Decryption is a well-known example of symmetric cryptographic. In symmetric cryptographic, public-key cryptographic uses complementary pair of keys to divided the process of encryption and decryption. This process is shown in Figure 1.2. This part is discuss about the symmetric-key cryptographic only.[3]. The proposed projects is to create the algor ithms where it is use to convert of information, rearranging the original massage produce output referred as ciphertext Plaintext Plaintext Ciphertext Key Figure 1.1: Symmetric Cryptographic Plaintext Plaintext Ciphertext Encryption Key and Decryption Key Figure 1.2: Public-Key Cryptographic 1.2 Problem Statement At present there are many encryption and decryption, especially in the communication system provided in a variety of application. Encryption and decryption is particularly impacted in the field of military communications and reliable security data to protection for transmitting. This ciphertext is used in the military is to send information such as direction, strategy, secret codes and other information that can not be know by the national foe during the war.[4] Creating this system is the process by which information can not be detect by the national foe. The information can not be recognizing by the national foe because this system is using the process to encrypt data and decrypt data. [4] 1.3 Scopes of Work Based on available software resources, limited time frame and expertise, this research project is narrowed down to the following scope of work: 1. The project is only to design fixed 64-bit input of data block size, 64-bit output of data block size and 56-bit of key size based on an Encryption and Decryption algorithm . 2. The projects is limited to design, to synthesis, to simulate and to verify the design in Altera Quartus II software. Objective The project are to create a system that can protect electronic data (secret information) which Consist of encryption and decryption process and to fully design an encryption and decryption algorithm using VHDL. The objectives of this project are To understand how the Encryption and Decryption process. To fully design an Encryption algorithm and Decryption algorithm using VHDL. Encryption and decryption which support 64-bit input of data block size, 64-bit output of data block size and 56-bit of key size. To make use Quartus II software as a design and synthesis tool. 1.4 Chapter Organization Chapter 1: This chapter starts with an Introduction which highlights the problems under investigation by describing the status of problem conceptually and theoretically. It contains the introduction of the thesis, problem statement and scope of study, objective of the project, and the chapter organization. Chapter 2: This chapter is a Literature Review that compiles the studies done by others based on the title of the project. Under the literature review, this chapter discussed on the features need to be include in designing the system. Chapter 3:. The methodology chapter describes the steps that has been taken while doing the project from the beginning until the end. The main content of the chapter are the flow charts and the description of each step of the process. Chapter 4: This chapter presents the result of the algorithm and discussion observed. The results obtained are presented as a series of figures, tables, with textual description and discussion. The analysis outcome of the research is also discussed in relation to the evidences obtained from project work and theories reported in Literature Review . Chapter 5: The chapter is the Conclusion of the thesis and which signalized the whole project a done CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.0. Overview This chapter is to introduce the host range of background information and research for this thesis. Most methods have been widely used to determine how the process of encryption and decryption. Theoretical method is presented using the VHDL. Chooses the VHDL programming for design encryption and decryption because this programming is very direct forward is compare other programming. For example Cadence and C++ programming. Both programming is very complicated. In this chapter, the Literature review of the research is discussed. The main topics discussed in this chapter are shown below: Symmetric cryptography Encryption Decryption Operations of Encryption and Decryption Data Encryption and Decryption VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language) 2.1. Symmetric key cryptography The symmetric key scheme is the conventional method of cryptography. The scheme uses the similar key to encode and decode in information. In a symmetric key algorithm, in the normal case, the communication only uses only one key. For example if Z user Z sends the secret symmetric key to an X user before the start of the communication between them. Part Z and X use the same symmetric key to encryption and decryption the message. Encryption and Decryption are example of symmetric key algorithm. Figure 2.2 shows the symmetric key cryptography. The symmetric key algorithm is faster than an asymmetric key algorithm. There are two classes of symmetric key cryptography as block ciphers and stream ciphers. [6] Plaintext X Plaintext Z Encryption and Decryption Symmetric Key Figure 2.1: The symmetric key cryptography 2.2 Block Cipher Block cipher is a type of symmetric-key decryption and encryption algorithm. The symmetric-key decryption and encryption that is a fixed length block of plaintext data into block ciphertext data. The block size is 64 bit. The block size can be upgrade to 128 bit, 256 bit or 512 bit if the process becomes advanced. Block ciphers operate on large blocks of data. The encryption and decryption of plaintext with a block cipher will result in the same when the same key is used. From the figure 2.3, it can be seen that show the Block Cipher Plaintext Plaintext Block Cipher Encryption and Block Cipher Decryption Symmetric Key Figure 2.2: Block Cipher 2.3 Stream Cipher Stream cipher is a type of symmetric encryption and decryption algorithm. Stream ciphers much faster than any block cipher. Stream ciphers operate on smaller units of plaintext. The encryption and decryption of plaintext with a stream cipher will result in the same when the same key is used. From the figure 2.3, it can be seen that show the Stream Cipher Plaintext Plaintext Stream Cipher Encryption and Stream Cipher Decryption Symmetric Key Figure 2.2: Stream Cipher Advantages of Symmetric Key Cryptography The main advantages of symmetric key (public key) cryptography are improved security and expediency. Other major advantages from the symmetric key (public key) are that they can provide a technique for digital signatures. Verification via secret-key system requires a shared secret and sometimes requires trust of a third party. For example, Kerberos verification system involves a button-secret data center that stores copies of all user secret key. An attack on the database will enable the falsification of the system. Public key verification, on the other hand, prevents of rejection, and each user has a responsibility to protect his private key. [7] 2.3 Disadvantages of Symmetric -Key Cryptography The disadvantage of symmetric cryptography is that it presumes two parties have agreed on a key and been able to exchange that key in a secure manner prior to communication. This is a significant challenge. Symmetric algorithms are usually mixed with public key algorithms to obtain a blend of security and speed. Disadvantage of using symmetric-key cryptography for encryption and decryption is faster. There are popular secret-key encryption and decryption technique that are considerably faster than any at present available symmetric-key encryption and decryption technique. However, public-key cryptography can be used by means of secret-key cryptography to obtain the optimum of both worlds. For encryption, the optimum solution is to join together with public-key and secret-key systems in order to obtain both the security advantages of public-key systems and the velocity advantages of secret-key systems. The public-key system can be make use of to encrypt a secret key which is make use of to encrypt the bulk of a information or message. Public-key cryptography may be vulnerable to impersonation, although, also furthermore if usersà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ private keys are not available. A successful assail attack pounce on a certification authority will permit a national foe to impersonate whomever the adversary pick out to by using a public-key certificate from the compromised authority to bind a key of the national foe choice to the name of another user In some plight, public-key cryptography is not obligatory and secret-key cryptography alone is enough. This belonging to environments where secure secret-key assent can take place, for example by users confluence in private. It also belonging environments where a sole authority knows and manages all the keys. Formerly the authority knows everyoneà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s keys already there is not much excess for some to be public and others private. And yet, public-key cryptography is normally not obligatory in a single-user environment. Example, if want to keep personal message or information encrypted, can do so with any secret-key encryption algorithm using personal password as the secret key. Furthermore, public-key cryptography is optimum equivalent for an open multi-user environment. Public-key cryptography is not intention to substitute secret-key cryptography, but nevertheless to complementary it, to make it more safety [8] 2.4 Encryption Encryption is a form of cryptography that to change the plaintext into ciphertext. A cipher is a algorithms for the encryption. Encryption is the principle of such security step as digital signatures, digital certificates, and the public key infrastructure. Computer-based encryption method use keys to encrypt and decrypt information. A key is in binary number. The key is one part of the encryption process. It must be used in connection with an encryption algorithm to generate the cipher text. Encryption is the symmetric or asymmetric. Ciphers were repeatedly used directly for Encryption without supplement procedures such as ratification. The extremely used kind of encryption is symmetric Encryption, which is aptly named for the reason that it uses one key for both the encryption and decryption system [9] 2.5 Decryption Decryption is the opposite or moving from the ciphertext back to the plaintext. A cipher is a algorithms for the decryption. The specification operation of a cipher is to manage with both by the algorithm and in each example by a key. Decryption is the symmetric or asymmetric. Ciphers were repeatedly used directly for decryption without supplement procedures such as ratification. The extremely used kind of decryption is symmetric decryption, which is aptly named for the reason that it uses one key for both the encryption and decryption system [10]. 2.6 Operations of Encryption and Decryption An encryption and decryption scheme consists of three Standard algorithms: A Key Generation Algorithm. For a symmetric key, this is often an algorithm that simply picks a random key of a certain length. The symmetric key scheme is the conventional method of cryptography. The scheme uses the similar key to encode and decode in information. An Encryption Algorithm. This takes as input a message (or plaintext) and some kind of key, and outputs a ciphertext. Encryption is to change the plaintext into ciphertext A decryption algorithm. This takes as input a ciphertext and some kind of key, and outputs a message.Decryption is to change the ciphertext back to the plaintext 2.7 Data Encryption and Decryption This system works by encrypting and decrypting groups of only 64 message bits, which is the same as 16 hexadecimal number. To do the encryption and decryption, this system uses symmetric keys where are also apparently 16 hexadecimal number long, or 64 bits long. However, every 8th key bit is ignored in this algorithm, so that the effective key size is 56 bits. But, in any case, 64 bits (16 hexadecimal digits) is the round number upon which Encryption and Decryption is organized. The process is explain in Figure 1.2, it can be seen that the process of encrypt and decrypt, if take the plaintext message is 2872762F771B15E8, and encrypt it with the key 0000000000000001, the ciphertext produced 1234567890987654. If the ciphertext is decrypted with the same secret key 0000000000000001, the result is the original plaintext 2872762F771B15E8. Input data 2872762F771B15E8 Key Encryption Ciphertext 123345678890987654 Key Decryption Key Original input 2872762F771B15E8 Figure 1.2: Simple Block Diagram Process Encryption and Decryption using Feistel Algorithm 2.4 VHDL History (VHSIC Hardware Description Language) In order to complete the design, the VHDL is one of the most important tools used. Device description language VHDL is a great acronym stands for the Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description language. It was originally developed on the orders of the U.S Department of Defense. They need a more efficient way to document the behavior of the ASIC design service companies were present.[11,12] It was developed as an alternative to the huge, highly complex manuals that were the norm. The idea to simulate such a description was immediately an attractive prospect and logic simulators were developed could take a VHDL description as input. From here synthesis to the hardware level became a focus of study and still is. Current state-of the- art synthesis tools can create hardware for a large subset of the VHDL language and should at least support the synthesizable subset in IEEE1076.6-1999. The syntax of VHDL was derived from Ada, with constructs added to handle the parallelism th at appears in hardware designs. The language is strongly typed and case insensitive. [13,14] The initial version of the language that was presented in the IEEE standard 1076-1987 was somewhat limited and a new version appeared in 1993 in IEEE standard 1079-1993, which improved the consistency of the language. There have been various reviews and updates to the standard of the languages since, but the 1993 version is the most prominent and widely used. Both versions of the language ignored the need for a multi-valued logic type which is where the IEEE standard 1164 comes in.[15] This standard defines a 9-valued logic type called standard logic. This has become the standard type to use for multi-valued logic in VHDL descriptions. The language has been further extended in a series of libraries. One such library is the numeric std library which implements a signed and unsigned type. These types allow for arithmetic to be performed on arbitrarily sized logic vectors. [16] 2.4 VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language) In order to complete the design, the VHDL is one of the most important tools used. Device description language VHDL is a great acronym stands for the Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description language. It was originally developed on the orders of the Department of Defense. They need a more efficient way to document the behavior of the ASIC design service companies were present.[ represented 11,12] VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language) was originally adopted by the U.S Department of Defense. The initial version of VHDL, designed to IEEE standard 1076-1987, included a wide range of data types, including numerical (integer and real), logical (bit and boolean), character and time, plus arrays of bit called bit_vector and of character called string. [16] [1] Laura E.Hunter,Brian Barber,Melissa Craft,Norris L.Johnson Jr,Jeffery A Martin,Tony Piltzecker. MCSE. Implementing PKI in a Window Server 2003 Network.Chapter 4.Page 185 [2] Mohan Krishnamurthy, Eric S.Seagren, Raven Alder, Aaron W.Bayles, Josh Burke, Skip Carter Eli Faskha How to Cheat at Securing Linux.page:250 [3] Dr.Everett F.Carter jr,Jeremy Faircloth,Curtis Franklin jr,Larry Loeb, Hack Proofing XML Page:193 [4] The Point Of Encryption By Dr.Colin Walter,Available at http://www.securitydocs.com/pdf/3301/PDF [5] Aram Khalili, Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland. Available at http://www.cs.umd.edu/~waa/414-F01/symmetric.pdf [6] D. Richard Kuhn ,Vincent C. Hu ,W. Timothy Polk, Shu-Jen Chang ,National Institute of Standards and Technology Introduction to Public Key Technology and the Federal PKI Infrastructure [6.5] Contributed by LE Webmaster Kerberos Authentication System Available at http://www.linuxexposed.com/index2.php? option=com_contentdo_pdf [7]. Advantaged of Public-Key Cryptography ,Available at http://users.hack.gr/dij/crypto/overview/publickey.html [8] Disadvantages of Public-Key Cryptography ,Available at http://x5.net/faqs/crypto/q4.html [9] Manuel Mogollon University Of Dallas USA.Cryptography and Security services. Page: 51 [10] Mohan Krishnamurthy, Eric S.Seagren,Raven Alder, Aaron W.Bayles,Josh Burke,Skip Carter Eli Faskha How To Cheat at Securing Linux .page:251 [11]. Copyright  © 1999 by John F. Wakerly Combinational Logic Design Principles,The VHDL Hardware Design Language. Page :1-35. [12] Deepak Jain . Object Oriented Programming Constructs in VHSIC Hardware Description Language, Delhi Institute of Advanced Studies [13] Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, IEEE 1076-1987: IEEE Standard VHDL Language Reference Manual, 1987 [14] Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, IEEE Std 1076.6-1999: IEEE Standard for VHDL Register Transfer Level (RTL) synthesis, 1999. [15] Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, IEEE 1076-1993: IEEE Standard VHDL Language Reference Manual, 1993. [16] E.P.M. van Diggele. Translation of SystemC to Synthesizable VHDL, MSc Thesis, Delft University of Technology.

Home Improvement Essay -- essays research papers

TOWNHOME RENOVATION PROJECT Objective In order to enhance and increase the value of my home, renovating and upgrading my town home will increase its value once and if I decide to sell, and provide me with a comfortable place to call home. This statement of work is a narrative description of the work required for upgrading my town home. The selection criterion was based on quality of work, reliability, rapport, and on-time performance. My objective is to keep the cost within my budget to one that I will be comfortable with. Based on research and cost estimates, I will benefit from the company’s work. The customer, Home Depot, and installers must agree on the following: Understand tasks assigned to her/him and commit to realistic specifications and deadlines. The installers must show up on time and be prepared for work STATEMENT OF WORK SCOPE OF WORK The sub-tasked departments of this project are Home Depot’s carpet installers and kitchen cabinet installers. The Home Depot will provide the following specifications to the customer: 1.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Specifications 1.1.1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In-home inspections, measurement and pre-construction conference 1.1.2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Site visit by installer to review project with customer 1.1.3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Removal of cabinets, laminate countertops and sink 1.1.4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Install new cabinets, laminate countertops, scribe and corner moldings filler strips, toe kicks, and cabinet hardware 1.1.5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Disconnect and reconnect plumbing and venting to existing service in same location 1.1.6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Replacement of plumbing (trap, shut-off valves and supply tubes within 3† of existing plumbing) 1.1.7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Daily clean-up of job site, bagging debris to curbside 1.1.8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Final inspection with customer 1.1.9.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lifetime warranty on labor 2.1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rip-up existing carpet & cushion & haul away 2.1.1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Delivery of merchandise 2.1.2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tack and cushion or glue down carpet 2.1.3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Flat and tap down metal transition 2.1.4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Clean-up of job site and bagging to curbside 2.1.5.  Ã‚  ... ...ate from any specification or term of the Specifications, the Supplier shall deliver to the customer an Engineering Change Request (ECR) setting forth:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Identification of Statement of Work  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The description and justification of the change requested  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An assessment of the impact of the change on the programmatic, costs, functional and performance requirements of the (Work) at any level BUDGET Estimated total cost of work to include merchandise and labor = $6881.87. POINT OF DELIVERY All documents and material shipped as a result of this Statement of Work shall be sent to the Project Office: URLINE M. RICHARDSON   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4606 Colonel Fenwick Place Upper Marlboro, MD 20772   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   CONCLUSION: This project will be flexible to allow tradeoffs for cost, time, and quality. Upfront coordination and planning will alleviate any tradeoffs but we must always be open to conflicts. Address the work that is required, timeframe needed, and make certain the work that is accomplished is agreeable by all to ensure proper requirements and deadlines will be met.

College Admissions Essay - I Grew Up with Emily Dickinson

College Admissions Essay - I Grew Up with Emily Dickinson Emily Dickinson was a part of my household ever since I can recall. She was introduced to me quite dramatically. My mother, with her omnipresent distant look, would suddenly begin to recite the famous poetry as though taking inspiration from some preternatural cue. I understood that a transmigration was occurring, although it was hard to pinpoint the direction. At times, it seemed Emily was contacting my mother, giving her a phantom tap on the shoulder, indicating she would like to hear one of her poems recited in earth time. Sometimes it seemed that my mother reached out to Emily. Nodding as though in acknowledgement of a cosmic contract, my mother would begin to utter the poet’s odd but mesmerizing verse. It appeared to me that when she recited from memory, my mother left the confines of the dinner table and withdrew to the nineteenth century to have contact with the poet from Amherst. It was through this penchant of my mother’s that I developed a bit of a sense of po etry but, perhaps even more, a sense of history. Although my usual sense of the passing of time was marked by the typical events in the life of a young boy (first day of school, Halloween, Thanksgiving, and so on), when my mother spontaneously broke into verse, the effect was like that of being transported in a time machine. Years later, a professor of mine claimed the most radical form of distance learning was the book for it could transport one across time, not merely space. But experiencing my mother’s sojourns was much more conspicuous than quietly reading century-old poetry to oneself. Through the spoken word, I felt the past entering the present. The effect was mesmerizing, as though there was ... ...owing me a book she had won for receiving the English prize in her high school. It was The Collected Plays of James Barrie. I asked her who he was, and she told me that he had written Peter Pan. At the time, I was a bit disappointed to find that out. I had thought the flying boy had just always been there. But no. He was the creation of the flight of an author’s imagination. After my initial disappointment, though, I became aware that plays and books and poems didn’t come from nowhere, but from people who had the ability to tap into their creativity and give it shape. Through dozens of dinner table encounters, my mother helped me realize something about human nature and inventiveness. A setting that respects the roles of both imagination and reality makes the world a more rewarding and interesting place. Such a setting bears an eerie resemblance to Never Never Land.

Civil Disobedience in an Unjust America

Ahmed Syed Professor Ravy Eng 112-536 04/27/2010 Civil Disobedience in an Unjust America According to the infamous essay by Henry David Thoreau, civil disobedience is the conscious and intentional disobeying of a law to advance a moral principle or change government policy. Throughout the essay, Thoreau urges the need for individuals to put their personal and social consciousness before their allegiance to their government and its range of policies. Thoreau believed that if a government is unjust, citizens should simply refuse to follow the law and eventually begin to distance themselves from their government in a variety of ways.Although published 105 years one of the most turbulent and crucial times in American history, the leaders of the Civil Rights Movement saw the congruence between their plight and the teachings in Civil Disobedience. The protests led by legendary activist Martin Luther King and the watershed event of Rosa Park’s infamous bus ride were just two instance s in which civil disobedience came to fruition in modern day America. The following quote by Thoreau laid the groundwork for the basis of the actions of many civil rights activists, King and Parks included, â€Å"I think that we should be men first, and subjects afterward†¦The only obligation which I have is the right to do what I think right. † (Civil Disobedience 475). The aforementioned quote reveals Thoreau’s belief that it was a citizen’s obligation to withdraw from participating in an unjust and evil government and gives support to future opposition to the American Government as scene during the 1950s and 1960s. Thoreau argues on several issues throughout his essay which include disassociation and reform, however one overarching and undeniable argument that is present throughout his essay is that the American government is an unjust government that must be corrected.This belief was also held by civil rights activists. Through this research paper, the foundation of Thoreau’s ideas and their penetration into modern American history will be explored. The social context surrounding Thoreau and his work includes two prevalent issues: slavery and The Mexican-American War. During the 1840s, when Civil Disobedience was published, the North and South were at odds over the issue of slavery. During the same time, many Americans also believed it was their â€Å"manifest destiny† to claim parts of Mexico as the United States.Based on these two issues, Thoreau argues that the United States is an evil and unjust government. Thoreau and Paul Power’s Civil Disobedience as Functional Opposition both argue that if the government were not evil in its objectives and agenda then the idea and practice of civil disobedience would not have been needed nor created. According to Powers, â€Å"due the established evil of our government, there are both moral and ideological grounds for justifying civil disobedience,† (Powers 37). This is because civil disobedience is a reaction to unjust government.Although many argue against civil disobedience by saying unjust laws made by a democratic legislature can be changed by a democratic legislature and that the existence of lawful channels of change make civil disobedience unnecessary, Thoreau and Powers would argue that the constitution and said laws are the problem, not the solution. According to Thoreau, governments are often â€Å"abused and perverted† (Civil Disobedience 249) so that they no longer reflect the needs and opinions of the common people.The American government showcased the aforementioned abuse and perversion during Thoreau’s time in their partaking in the Mexican-American War. The main objective of the war was the take land from Mexico in order to create a larger and more powerful America. According to Thoreau, the American government achieved these objectives through an unfair armed conflict that was reminiscent of the long arm of European monarchies Thoreau also argued that the American government was unjust in its total support of slavery.Thoreau believed that citizens of the United States must stop slavery and the war with Mexico, even if it costs them their existence as a people. In order to truly make his arguments effective, Thoreau used ethos and pathos to persuade the people of his era. His use of ethos is evident throughout the entire essay. Thoreau establishes that he is a credible source as he himself has practiced civil disobedience and has been imprisoned for doing so. Thoreau says, â€Å"I have paid no poll-tax for six years.I was put into jail once on this account, for one night; and, as I stood considering the walls of solid stone†¦I cold not help being struck with the foolishness of that institution† (Civil Disobedience 249). In the aforementioned quote, not only does he build his own credibility as a sort of martyr for his cause, but he discredits the opposition, the government. Thoreau engages the audience by way of pathos as he speaks on such an emotional level about pressing issues that almost every American had an opinion on, the war and slavery (Civil Disobedience 243. Thoreau’s use of ethos and pathos was so successful and convincing that that it resonated with Americans over 100 years later. Thoreau’s teachings helped to form and energize the American civil rights movement. His ideas and teachings were applied to sit-ins at lunch counters, the freedom ride to Mississippi, peaceful protests in Georgia, and the bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama. All of these defining moments were the outcome of Thoreau's insistence that â€Å"evil must be resisted and that no moral man can patiently adjust to injustice† (Thoreau 244).Thoreau also uses sensory imagery to convince and reach his audience in the following quote: â€Å"If the injustice has a spring, or a pulley, or a rope, or a crank, exclusively for itself, then perhaps you may consi der whether the remedy will not be worse than the evil†¦Let your life be a counter friction to stop the machine† (Civil Disobedience 248). This quote applies Thoreau’s somewhat abstract theories and ideas about evil and injustice to tangible and common objects, allowing all members of his audience to understand the major arguments of his essay.The use of the concrete words machine, spring, pulley, rope, and crank allow Thoreau’s audience to take what he is saying and apply it to common processes and mages that they understand because they are parts of their common and everyday lives. Columnist Bob Herbert, of the New York Times, recently wrote an article about Martin Luther King’s opposition to the Vietnam War, which can be compared with Thoreau’s thoughts on the Mexican-American War. Herbert cited King as saying the United States Government, in regards to their war efforts was, â€Å"Corrupt, inept, and without popular support,† (Herber t 2010).Herbert went on to further to say, â€Å"Dr. King spoke about the damage the Vietnam War was doing to America’s war on poverty, and the way it was undermining other important domestic initiatives. What he wanted from the U. S. was not warfare overseas but a renewed commitment to economic and social justice at home. As he put it: â€Å"A nation that continues year after year to spend more money on military defense than on programs of social uplift is approaching spiritual death,† (Herbert 2010). Not only did King agree with Thoreau on the social, piritual, and moral wrongs of war, but he also practiced civil disobedience and was sent to jail just as Thoreau was. In April of 1963, King was imprisoned in Birmingham, Alabama for his participation and leadership of the Birmingham campaign, a planned non-violent protest conducted by the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights and King's Southern Christian Leadership Conference against racial segregation (King). While imprisoned, King wrote a Letter from a Birmingham Jail, which is equivalent to Thoreau’s Civil Disobedience in that he demonstrated that he was in Birmingham in the first place because injustice resided there.Within the letter he also stated the sole reason for his imprisonment was for protesting those injustices. Letter from a Birmingham Jail was the root of King’s views on civil disobedience. As the primary leader the Civil Rights Movement, King was known for his views on the value of civil disobedience as a way to achieve political attention and change, similar to Thoreau. Specifically, King studied and used methods of Thoreau’s civil disobedience to combat and change segregation laws.King’s thoughts on civil disobedience raised similar theoretical questions to Thoreau’s about the relationship between an individual, their government, and one’s moral and political duties in upholding their personal social contract with the US governm ent (Melendez). Within the letter, King utilizes the same ethos and pathos that Thoreau used 100 years earlier. King builds his credibility and rapport by explaining himself as a reliable, competent, activist who has the utmost respect for his audience's ideas and values. This can be seen as he writes, I am in Birmingham because injustice is here. Just as the prophets of the eighth century B. C. left their villages and carried their â€Å"thus saith the Lord† far beyond the boundaries of their home towns, and just as the Apostle Paul left his village of Tarsus and carried the gospel of Jesus Christ to the far corners of the Greco-Roman world, so am I compelled to carry the gospel of freedom beyond my own home town. Like Paul, I must constantly respond to the Macedonian call for aid† (Letter from a Birmingham Jail 207). In conclusion, while Thoreau and his disciple Martin Luther King Jr. ncourage the need for individuals to correctly and justly prioritize their individua l conscious and the laws of their government, they essentially argue that the reason for the institution of civil disobedience is because the American government is and will always be an unjust government. Thoreau believes this is true not only because of their involvement in the Mexican-American War and their firm support of slavery, but because the American government’s actions are derived from the needs, opinions, and desires of a small group of citizens who fail to represent the majority.

Healthcare Ecosystems

LTT1 – Healthcare Ecosystems The profession of health informatics is a relatively new one, blending the use of technologies with collecting, organizing, storing, using, and evaluating health information. Technology can assist healthcare workers on every clinical and administrative level to use information more effectively in clinical decision-making for patients, and in implementing strategic goals within an organization. Check Your Understanding 2. 1 Instructions: On a separate piece of paper, write down the word or term that correctly completes each of the sentences. . The ancient ___ developed surgical procedures, documented clinical cases, and created medical books. a. Egyptians b. Greeks c. Phoenicians d. Chinese 2. The ___ was established in 1847 to represent the interests of physicians across the United States. a. b. c. d. American Association of Medical Colleges American College of Surgeons Committee on Medical Education American Medical Association 3. Today, medical s chool students must pass a test before they can obtain a ___ to practice medicine. a. degree b. residency c. specialty d. license 4.The first general training school for ___ was opened at the New England Hospital for Women and Children in 1872. a. nurses b. physician assistants c. surgical specialists d. surgeons 5. Modern ___ must have either a two-year associate’s degree or a four- year bachelor’s degree from a state-approved nursing school. a. nurse practitioners b. licensed vocational nurses c. registered nurses d. licensed practical nurses 6. In 1910, Dr. Franklin H. Martin suggested that the surgical area of medical practice needed to become more concerned with ___. a. b. c. d. atient care professional standards patient outcomes nonsurgical medical care 7. Adoption of the Minimum Standards marked the beginning of the modern ___ process for healthcare organizations. a. accreditation b. licensing c. reform d. educational 8. According to the AMA’s definition, ___ incorporates the healthcare- related professions that function to assist, facilitate, and complement the work of physicians and other clinical specialists. a. home health b. nursing care c. ambulatory care d. allied health Which ancient civilization developed surgical procedures, documented clinical cases, and created medical books?Greeks Correct! Which organization was established in the mid 1800s, to represent the interests of physicians in the United States? American Medical Association Correct! What organization is the largest standard setting body in the world? Joint Commission Correct! This legislation required hospitals to conduct continued-stay review for Medicare and Medicaid patients. Utilization Review ACt Correct! This type of hospital specializes in providing inpatient care to individuals with mental and developmental orders. Psychiatric Correct!For-profit hospitals use their excess funds to improve their services and fund community services. False Correct! At a ho spital or large healthcare facility, this group will select qualified administrators to manage the organization. Board of Directors Correct! Which one of the following is considered a part of administrative support services? Human Resources Correct! Low energy laser, electric stimulation, ultrasound, biofeedback and aquatics treatment are used by which of the following allied health professionals? Physical therapy Correct!In which decade was magnetic resonance imaging first introduced in healthcare? 1980's Correct! This type of statement from an organization expresses intentions, philosophy, and organizational self-image. Vision statement Correct! An empowered staff member has the ability to: Change the work environment when some part of it interferes with the organizational mission Correct! Leader’s in today’s healthcare organizations may reinforce organizational values by doing which one of the following: Listen to the staff Correct! What is a 360Â ° review? A perfo rmance evaluation in which peers and colleagues participate Correct!Of these functions that sustain operational infrastructure, where would health informatics best fit? Knowledge Management Correct! In the healthcare organization, operating units are designed around patient-focused care for related disease groups and medical specialties. This is known as: Service Lines Correct! In 2008, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services changed its payment regulations to eliminate payment for hospital-acquired complications. True Correct! The largest single group of healthcare organizations are: Acute Care Hospitals Correct!Which of the following is a system that deliberately monitors the long term relationship between stakeholders of a healthcare organization, and responds to changing needs? Strategic Correct! In what decade was the MRI first introduced? 1980's Correct! Which standard addresses disclosure of health information? Protecting Privacy of Health Information Correct! Which st andard addresses the intentional destruction of health information? Security and Integrity of Information Correct! Which standard addresses the monitoring of terminologies used in health information? Collection of health informationCorrect! Which standard addresses unplanned interruptions of electronic health record systems? Continuity of information Correct! Which standard asks for evidence that there are back up systems in the event of interruptions to electronic information processes? Continuity of information Correct! Which standard addresses flow of data and information within and out of the hospital? Information management planning Correct! Which standard requires evidence that health information is disseminated in a timely manner? Receival and transmission of health information Correct!Which standard addresses acronyms, synonyms, and abbreviations for medication dosage? Collection of health information Correct! Which standard requests evidence of policy implementation pertain ing to health information privacy? Protecting Privacy of Health Information Correct! Which standard requests evidence of policy implementation pertaining to unauthorized alteration of health information? Security and Integrity of Information Correct! This type of statement is sent to a patient: it shows how much the provider billed, the amount of the Medicare reimbursement to the provider, and what the patient must pay to the provider.Medicare summary notice Correct! All of these items are ‘packaged’ under the Medicare outpatient prospective payment system, with the exception of one. Medical visits Correct! Which one of these is not a government-sponsored healthcare program? Blue Cross/Blue Shield Correct! Which health insurance plan covers the survivors of military personnel who died in the line of duty? CHAMPVA Correct! This legislation established an employee’s right to continue healthcare coverage beyond their scheduled termination date. COBRA Correct! What i s a MS-DRG grouper? A software program that assigns appropriate MS-DRGsCorrect! One of these items is not incorporated in the formula for determining fee schedule. Post medical school degrees held by provider Correct! Which uniform data set is used by skilled nursing facilities to gather standardized data? MDS Correct! Which one of the following is not used when calculating for patient severity level, for prospective reimbursement of home health services? Financial Correct! What form must be provided to a patient if there is a concern that Medicare will deny services because it feels the service may be medically unnecessary? ABN Healthcare Ecosystems LTT1 – Healthcare Ecosystems The profession of health informatics is a relatively new one, blending the use of technologies with collecting, organizing, storing, using, and evaluating health information. Technology can assist healthcare workers on every clinical and administrative level to use information more effectively in clinical decision-making for patients, and in implementing strategic goals within an organization. Check Your Understanding 2. 1 Instructions: On a separate piece of paper, write down the word or term that correctly completes each of the sentences. . The ancient ___ developed surgical procedures, documented clinical cases, and created medical books. a. Egyptians b. Greeks c. Phoenicians d. Chinese 2. The ___ was established in 1847 to represent the interests of physicians across the United States. a. b. c. d. American Association of Medical Colleges American College of Surgeons Committee on Medical Education American Medical Association 3. Today, medical s chool students must pass a test before they can obtain a ___ to practice medicine. a. degree b. residency c. specialty d. license 4.The first general training school for ___ was opened at the New England Hospital for Women and Children in 1872. a. nurses b. physician assistants c. surgical specialists d. surgeons 5. Modern ___ must have either a two-year associate’s degree or a four- year bachelor’s degree from a state-approved nursing school. a. nurse practitioners b. licensed vocational nurses c. registered nurses d. licensed practical nurses 6. In 1910, Dr. Franklin H. Martin suggested that the surgical area of medical practice needed to become more concerned with ___. a. b. c. d. atient care professional standards patient outcomes nonsurgical medical care 7. Adoption of the Minimum Standards marked the beginning of the modern ___ process for healthcare organizations. a. accreditation b. licensing c. reform d. educational 8. According to the AMA’s definition, ___ incorporates the healthcare- related professions that function to assist, facilitate, and complement the work of physicians and other clinical specialists. a. home health b. nursing care c. ambulatory care d. allied health Which ancient civilization developed surgical procedures, documented clinical cases, and created medical books?Greeks Correct! Which organization was established in the mid 1800s, to represent the interests of physicians in the United States? American Medical Association Correct! What organization is the largest standard setting body in the world? Joint Commission Correct! This legislation required hospitals to conduct continued-stay review for Medicare and Medicaid patients. Utilization Review ACt Correct! This type of hospital specializes in providing inpatient care to individuals with mental and developmental orders. Psychiatric Correct!For-profit hospitals use their excess funds to improve their services and fund community services. False Correct! At a ho spital or large healthcare facility, this group will select qualified administrators to manage the organization. Board of Directors Correct! Which one of the following is considered a part of administrative support services? Human Resources Correct! Low energy laser, electric stimulation, ultrasound, biofeedback and aquatics treatment are used by which of the following allied health professionals? Physical therapy Correct!In which decade was magnetic resonance imaging first introduced in healthcare? 1980's Correct! This type of statement from an organization expresses intentions, philosophy, and organizational self-image. Vision statement Correct! An empowered staff member has the ability to: Change the work environment when some part of it interferes with the organizational mission Correct! Leader’s in today’s healthcare organizations may reinforce organizational values by doing which one of the following: Listen to the staff Correct! What is a 360Â ° review? A perfo rmance evaluation in which peers and colleagues participate Correct!Of these functions that sustain operational infrastructure, where would health informatics best fit? Knowledge Management Correct! In the healthcare organization, operating units are designed around patient-focused care for related disease groups and medical specialties. This is known as: Service Lines Correct! In 2008, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services changed its payment regulations to eliminate payment for hospital-acquired complications. True Correct! The largest single group of healthcare organizations are: Acute Care Hospitals Correct!Which of the following is a system that deliberately monitors the long term relationship between stakeholders of a healthcare organization, and responds to changing needs? Strategic Correct! In what decade was the MRI first introduced? 1980's Correct! Which standard addresses disclosure of health information? Protecting Privacy of Health Information Correct! Which st andard addresses the intentional destruction of health information? Security and Integrity of Information Correct! Which standard addresses the monitoring of terminologies used in health information? Collection of health informationCorrect! Which standard addresses unplanned interruptions of electronic health record systems? Continuity of information Correct! Which standard asks for evidence that there are back up systems in the event of interruptions to electronic information processes? Continuity of information Correct! Which standard addresses flow of data and information within and out of the hospital? Information management planning Correct! Which standard requires evidence that health information is disseminated in a timely manner? Receival and transmission of health information Correct!Which standard addresses acronyms, synonyms, and abbreviations for medication dosage? Collection of health information Correct! Which standard requests evidence of policy implementation pertain ing to health information privacy? Protecting Privacy of Health Information Correct! Which standard requests evidence of policy implementation pertaining to unauthorized alteration of health information? Security and Integrity of Information Correct! This type of statement is sent to a patient: it shows how much the provider billed, the amount of the Medicare reimbursement to the provider, and what the patient must pay to the provider.Medicare summary notice Correct! All of these items are ‘packaged’ under the Medicare outpatient prospective payment system, with the exception of one. Medical visits Correct! Which one of these is not a government-sponsored healthcare program? Blue Cross/Blue Shield Correct! Which health insurance plan covers the survivors of military personnel who died in the line of duty? CHAMPVA Correct! This legislation established an employee’s right to continue healthcare coverage beyond their scheduled termination date. COBRA Correct! What i s a MS-DRG grouper? A software program that assigns appropriate MS-DRGsCorrect! One of these items is not incorporated in the formula for determining fee schedule. Post medical school degrees held by provider Correct! Which uniform data set is used by skilled nursing facilities to gather standardized data? MDS Correct! Which one of the following is not used when calculating for patient severity level, for prospective reimbursement of home health services? Financial Correct! What form must be provided to a patient if there is a concern that Medicare will deny services because it feels the service may be medically unnecessary? ABN